Library
Research Project
Training Program for Scientists Doing Research to Reduce HIV Health Disparities [summary]
The Collaborative HIV Prevention Research in Minority Communities Program was developed to address the simultaneous overrepresentation of communities of color among those with HIV and under-representation of researchers of color at the National Institutes of Health. The program is designed to help scientists develop their programs of research and obtain significant research funding.
The 27-month program has the following elements:
- Small grant funding
- Structured summer program
- Individualized long-term research collaboration
- Access to behavioral science expertise
- Internal peer review of all products
Research Project
Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (TAPS) [summary]
The Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (TAPS) program trains scientists for academic and public health careers. TAPS has been in existence since 1989 and has trained nearly 100 scientists focusing on various aspects of HIV/AIDS prevention, both domestically and internationally. The graduates of the program hold positions at universities around the US, at the CDC, NIH, several foundations, and health departments in California and in San Francisco in particular. The program supports 12 postdoctoral fellows with diverse backgrounds, including physicians (OB/GYNs, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists and internists), epidemiologists, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and so forth. About half of the 12 focus on biomedical or epidemiological issues and half focus on social, behavioral and policy research.
To apply to TAPS, candidates must have a PhD, MD, or equivalent doctorate degree. At the end of the two- or three-year program each trainee has: completed an MPH degree or its equivalent; taken advanced courses in research methods, statistics and other topics relevant to their major fields of interest; participated in and led numerous seminars on research topics; designed several research protocols; completed at least one significant research project under the direction of a faculty mentor; made several presentations at national or international meetings; learned how to write a grant proposal; and submitted several papers for publication.
Academic Preparation - The MPH Requirement Trainees without an MPH or its equivalent matriculate into a relevant track at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health. Such training or its equivalent represents a very important part of the overall traineeship program. Public health training provides trainees with a thorough grounding in biometrics skills, and in the art and science of disease prevention and control. Equally important to the acquisition of specific skills and knowledge, such training provides physicians and social and behavioral scientists with both the time and intellectual environment they will need if they are to broaden their perspective from one which focuses primarily on the characteristics and problems of individuals to one which also gives major attention to the community and how it affects individuals.
Academic Preparation at UCSF - UCSF provides a wealth of formal and informal educational opportunities related to AIDS. Early during the first year of the traineeship the Program Directors and mentor review with each trainee his or her overall educational needs that are to be met during the two- or three-year period and may recommend the Training in Clinical Research (TICR) courses, the Advanced Training in Clinical Epidemiology (ATCR), or individual courses in statistics or specific research methods, such as qualitative research. Every trainee is required to take a course in the ethical conduct of research during their fellowship. The intent is that every trainee, in addition to having excellent qualifications in his or her basic discipline, research methods and public health, also has a solid grounding in research ethics and the basics of HIV infection and AIDS. Moreover, whatever their area of special interest, e.g., medicine, social sciences, behavioral science, epidemiology or policy, trainees should be reasonably well acquainted with the fundamentals of the other areas. The traineeship experience should provide breadth as well as depth.
Commitment to Diversity - Applicants from communities of color, particularly those from groups underrepresented in the health sciences, are especially welcome to apply to TAPS. The TAPS directors have a strong commitment, both through their research and through their mentoring and selection of fellows, to training people of color to work on disparity issues in HIV in the US.
Research Project
Substance Use and HIV Prevention Research in Minority Communities Training Program
The Substance Use and HIV Prevention Research in Minority Communities training program addresses the urgent need for culturally-competent prevention research in racial and ethnic minority communities targeting the intersection of substance use and HIV. The program offers research education and mentoring to social and behavioral prevention scientists who have cultural expertise regarding minority communities and who are initiating innovative programs of research that focus on substance use and HIV-risk-and-prevention topics. This five-year project will provide educational, mentoring and technical assistance to facilitate the development and continuation of innovative substance use and HIV-prevention research in racial and ethnic minority populations by early-career research scientists from the continental United States and Puerto Rico. The program will accomplish these goals via an intensive summer program housed at the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) at the University of California, San Francisco along with cyber-mentoring during the regular academic year. The program's aims are to: 1) assist visiting scientists in identifying and refining innovative theories, concepts, and ideas into clearly articulated programs of research in substance use and HIV-risk prevention; 2) increase the capacity of visiting scientists to conduct multidisciplinary prevention research that targets the links between substance use and other HIV-risk behaviors in racial and ethnic minority communities; 3) provide funding to conduct pilot research that will yield data for presentations at substance use-focused national conferences and provide preliminary data for grant proposals to NIDA; and 4) provide education, mentoring, and technical assistance in the development and submission of research grants to NIDA that focus on substance use, HIV-risk behavior, and HIV prevention. In collaboration with program faculty mentors, visiting scientists will design pilot studies, which they will conduct during the following academic year, and return to CAPS for a second summer to analyze data from their pilot studies. Findings from the pilot studies will be reported at a national substance use research-focused conference, enabling the scientists to obtain extramural feedback on their work and to network with national and international leaders in substance use research and HIV-prevention research. By the third summer the visiting scientist will have obtained extensive feedback on that proposal, revised it, and submitted it for extramural review. The third summer will provide an opportunity to work with faculty mentors in responding to NIH reviewers' comments, further refining the proposal for resubmission, and, for proposals funded on the first submission, providing guidance in the implementation and management of the funded study. During the academic years between the summer training institutes, the program will use cyber-mentoring to support visiting scientists in completing their pilot studies and grant proposals, while providing additional seminars for topics identified by the visiting scientists (e.g., substance use syndemics, sampling hidden populations). The guidance provided by the collaborative research experiences and opportunities for interdisciplinary networking will result in a substantial increase in high quality substance use and HIV-prevention research by scientists studying minority populations in the U.S.
Resource
Hermanos de Luna y Sol
An Empowerment HIV Prevention Program for Spanish-Speaking Latino Gay/Bisexual Men
Latino gay/bisexual men in the U.S. have been highly and disproportionately affected by the AIDS epidemic. The program "Hermanos de Luna y Sol" (HLS) was designed as a culturally-appropriate HIV risk-reduction intervention that targets immigrant, Spanish-speaking gay/bisexual men in the San Francisco, CA Mission district. The aims of the program are the following:
- Provide experiences of social support, social belonging, and enhanced self-esteem in the context of a Latino gay identity and community;
- Promote critical awareness of social and cultural forces that impact and shape participant's social and sexual lives'
- Increase participant's sexual self-knowledge, with particular emphasis on sexual contexts and situations of personal vulnerability that limit participants' ability to practice safer sex, and:
- Facilitate community involvement and activism to support a sense of increased personal agency and self-efficacy (instead of fatalism and victimization) in response to oppressive social forces in participants' lives.
Based on research findings about Latino gay/bisexual men, Bandura's theory of self-regulation, and principles of empowerment education, HLS aims to intervene in a culturally-appropriate manner with four factors that weaken the enactment of safer sex intentions:
- low self-esteem
- perceptions of low sexual control
- lack of social support
- fatalism regarding inevitability of HIV infection
By providing opportunities for group reflection and critical self-observation within the domain of sexuality, by providing a network of peer social support for the practice of safer sex, and sponsoring activities that support self-esteem and pride for being Latino and gay/bisexual, the program intervenes with and attempts to modify factors that promote HIV risk behavior in this particular population.
Intervention
HLS consists of three types of interrelated interventions. Please see detailed descriptions of the program activities.
- Bar outreach and recruitment activities;
- Six-week initial discussion workshops with structured sessions designed to promote self-esteem, social support and sexual self-regulation; and
- A set of follow-up resources and activities targeted to the maintenance of safer sex behavior over time, including participation in ongoing peer support groups, specialized workshops and retreats, and access to individual risk reduction counseling services.
Testimonies of participants' reactions to the program
Research
We are conducting an ongoing evaluation of the program, including quantitative data on participants' satisfaction and the program's impact on self-esteem, social support, self-efficacy, perceptions of sexual control, and safer sex behavior. Also, San Francisco State University's César E. Chávez Institute has more information about Hermanos de Luna y Sol.
Resource
Condom use Among Hispanics - Female
Hispanic Condom Use Study 1991 Questionnaire for Use with Females
TIME AT BEGINNING: ______________
Many of the questions we will be asking relate to sexual matters and it is
possible that you may feel a bit uncomfortable. But please remember that
your responses are completely confidential and that you may indicate if there
are any questions you do not wish to answer.
I would like to ask you some general questions about AIDS. Your answer can be
"yes," "probably yes," "probably no," or "no."
1. Do you think it's possible to get the AIDS virus from a mosquito bite?
Would you say yes, probably yes, probably no, or no?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (06)
2. Do you think it's possible to get the AIDS virus by sitting on a public
toilet?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (07)
3. Do you think AIDS is a problem only for homosexuals and drug addicts?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (08)
4. Do you think it's possible to know by appearance if a person has the AIDS
virus?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (09)
5. Have you personally known someone who had AIDS or was infected with the
AIDS virus?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No
8 DON'T KNOW (10)
6. How often do you worry that you might get the virus that causes AIDS?
Would you say very often, often, sometimes, or never?
(11)
1 Very often 2 Often 3 Sometimes 4 Never
I'll be asking some questions about condoms or rubbers.
7. Would you like me to use the word "condom" or "rubber?"
4 CONDOM 5 RUBBER (12)
6 NO PREFERENCE (USE "CONDOM")
The following items ask for information about how condoms/rubbers are used.
If you have never used condoms/rubbers, your answers are still important to
us.
8. Do you think vaseline is a good lubricant or cream for condoms/rubbers?
1 YES 0 NO 8 DOESN'T KNOW (13)
9. Do you think a condom/rubber should be unrolled before putting it on a
man's penis?
1 YES 0 NO 8 DOESN'T KNOW (14)
Now we would like to ask you some questions about your experiences with
condoms/rubbers and other sexual activities. I will be using the word
"partner" to refer to the person with whom one has sex. This information is
very important for our study. Each person has different sexual experiences,
so some questions may not apply to you.
10. How often do you carry a condom/rubber with you? Would you say
always, sometimes, hardly ever, or never?
(15)
1 Always 2 Sometimes 3 Hardly ever 4 Never
11. Have you ever had sex with a partner who used condoms/rubbers?
1 YES 0 NO [GO TO Q 15] 9 RA (16)
12. Have you ever used condoms/rubbers to avoid a pregnancy?
1 YES 0 NO 9 RA (17)
13. Have you ever used condoms/rubbers to avoid diseases?
1 YES 0 NO 9 RA (18)
14. How did you get condoms/rubbers?
[IF RESPONDENT GIVES MORE THAN ONE ANSWER, ASK WHERE SHE HAS BOUGHT
THEM OR GOTTEN THEM MORE OFTEN AND CIRCLE ONLY THAT RESPONSE]
[DO NOT READ RESPONSES]
______ BOUGHT THEM ASK: Where?
1 PHARMACY OR DRUG STORE
2 RESTROOM VENDING MACHINES
3 SUPERMARKET
9 RA
(19)
______ GIVEN TO THEM ASK: Where?
4 AT A HEALTH CENTER
5 ON THE STREET
6 BY A FRIEND/RELATIVE
7 FROM A PARTNER
8 ELSEWHERE __________________________
9 RA
15. In these questions we'll talk about a steady sex partner. A steady sex
partner is a person one has sex with in an ongoing relationship and might be a
spouse.
Imagine that you will have sex with a husband or steady partner in the next
30 days. How often do you think your partner would use condoms/rubbers?
Would you say always, more than half the time, half the time, less than half
the time, or never?
IF RESPONDENT SAYS NOT APPLICABLE, SAY: "Even if you don't know, please
try to guess."
1 Always (20)
2 More than half the time
3 Half the time
4 Less than half the time
5 Never
9 RA
16. Imagine that you will have sex with a person other than a steady partner
in the next 30 days. How often do you think that partner would use
condoms/rubbers?
IF RESPONDENT SAYS NOT APPLICABLE, SAY: "Even if you don't know, please
try to guess."
1 Always (21)
2 More than half the time
3 Half the time
4 Less than half the time
5 Never
9 RA
17. Have you had sex at least once in the past 12 months, that is, since
[THIS MONTH] of 1990?
1 YES [GO TO Q19] 0 NO [GO TO Q18] 9 RA [GO TO Q18] (22)
18. Have you had sex at least once in the last 5 years?
1 YES [GO TO Q19] 0 NO [GO TO Q26] 9 RA [GO TO Q26] (23)
19. As I said, some questions may not apply to you. If a question does not
apply to you, please let me know.
When you had sex with your husband or steady partner in the last 12 months,
how often did he use condoms/rubbers? Would you say always, more than
half the time, half the time, less than half the time, or never?
1 Always (24)
2 More than half the time
3 Half the time
4 Less than half the time
5 Never
6 NO MALE PARTNER [GO TO Q26]
7 NO STEADY PARTNER
8 NO SEX PAST 12 MONTHS [GO TO Q26]
9 RA
20. When you had sex with a man other than your husband or steady partner in
the last 12 months, how often did that partner use condoms/rubbers?
1 Always (25)
2 More than half the time
3 Half the time
4 Less than half the time
5 Never
7 NO CASUAL PARTNER
8 NO MALE PARTNER [GO TO Q26]
9 RA
BLANK (26-28)
23. How many men have you had sex with in the last 12 months in total?
___ ___ NUMBER OF MEN (29-30)
[90 OR MORE = 90]
99 RA
IF Q23 IS 00, GO TO Q26
24. In the last 12 months, how often did you drink alcoholic beverages before
having sex? Would you say always, more than half the time, half the time,
less than half the time, or never?
1 Always (31)
2 More than half the time
3 Half the time
4 Less than half the time
5 Never
9 RA
25. In the last 12 months, how often did you use drugs before having sex?
1 Always (32)
2 More than half the time
3 Half the time
4 Less than half the time
5 Never
9 RA
26. Do you think you're going to have sex in the next 30 days? Would you say
yes, probably yes, probably no, or no?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (33)
27. Is it possible to know beforehand if you're going to have sex?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (34)
In the following questions I am going to ask your opinions about the use of
condoms or rubbers. If you have never had sex or if you have never used a
condom/rubber, please answer the questions trying to imagine how you would
feel in each case.
28. Do you think condoms/rubbers are only for men having sex with female
prostitutes? Would you say yes, probably yes, probably no, or no?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (35)
29. Do you think it's difficult to find places to buy condoms/rubbers?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (36)
BLANK (37)
31. Would you ask a partner to use a condom/rubber even if you had been
drinking alcoholic beverages or using drugs?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (38)
32. Would you be able to ask a partner to use a condom/rubber if you thought
he was having sex with someone else?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (39)
33. Would you be able to refuse to have sex if your partner didn't want to use
a condom/rubber?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (40)
34. Imagine that your partner used a condom/rubber the next time you had sex.
Would you feel less sexual pleasure than if he didn't use one?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (41)
35. If your partner used a condom/rubber, would sex last longer than if he
didn't use one?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (42)
36. If your partner used a condom, would you feel guilty?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (43)
37. If a condom/rubber were used, would you feel an emotional barrier with
your sex partner?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (44)
38. Do you think the condom/rubber would cause a burning sensation?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (45)
39. Do you think putting on a condom/rubber would interrupt sex?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (46)
40. Do you think sex would be cleaner than if your partner didn't use a
condom/rubber?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (47)
Continue to imagine that your partner used a condom/rubber the next time you
had sex
41. Do you think the condom/rubber would feel uncomfortable or too tight to
your partner?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (48)
42. Do you think the condom/rubber might come off inside you?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (49)
43. Do you think the condom/rubber might break?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (50)
44. If your partner used a condom/rubber, do you think you might get cancer?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (51)
45. If your partner used a condom/rubber, do you think you would get
pregnant?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No 9 RA (52)
46. If your partner used a condom/rubber, would it be more difficult for him
to ejaculate or come than if he didn't use one?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (53)
47. If your partner used a condom/rubber, would it be more difficult for him
to keep an erection than if he didn't use one?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (54)
In the following questions we'll talk about two types of partners: steady sex
partners and casual sex partners. As you recall, a steady sex partner is a
person one has sex with in an ongoing relationship. A casual sex partner
refers to a person one doesn't know very well and has sex with only once or a
few times.
48. Would you be able to ask a steady partner to use a condom/rubber?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (55)
49. Would you be able to ask a casual partner to use a condom/rubber?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (56)
Imagine that you were going to have sex with a casual partner and he used a
condom/rubber.
50. Do you think you could get a venereal disease such as gonorrhea or
syphilis?
Would you say yes, probably yes, probably no, or no?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (57)
51. If this casual partner used a condom/rubber, do you think you could get the
virus that causes AIDS?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (58)
52. If this casual partner used a condom/rubber, would you worry less about
giving a steady partner a disease such as syphilis, gonorrhea or AIDS?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (59)
Imagine that you asked a steady partner to use a condom/rubber the next time
you had sex,
53. Would it lead the steady partner to think you had had sex with someone
else?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (60)
54. If you asked a steady partner to use condoms/rubbers, do you think he
would get angry?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (61)
55. Would a casual partner get angry?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (62)
56. If you asked a steady partner to use condoms/rubbers, do you think he
would get violent?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (63)
57. Would a casual partner get violent?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (64)
58. If you asked a steady partner to use a condom/rubber, do you think he
would refuse to have sex with you?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (65)
59. Would a casual partner refuse to have sex with you?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (66)
60. Imagine that you carried condoms/rubbers in your pocket or purse. Do you
think that your women friends would think badly of you?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (67)
9 RA
61. If you had condoms/rubbers with you, would a casual partner respect you
more than if you didn't have them?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (68)
62. If you had condoms/rubbers with you, would men think you're willing to
have sex with someone you just met?
1 Yes 2 Probably Yes 3 Probably No 4 No (69)
Respondent ID __ __ __ __.
(01-04)
Card = 3 (05)
In the following questions we want to know how much you would be bothered
by some things that could happen to a person who used condoms/rubbers.
These questions may seem repetitive but they are very important and we
would appreciate your patience.
The responses can be "A lot" "Somewhat" or "Very little"
63. How much would it bother you to feel less pleasure during sex? Would it
bother you a lot, somewhat or very little?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (06)
64. How much would it bother you to feel a burning sensation in your sex
organs?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (07)
65. How much would it bother you to interrupt sex?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (08)
66. How much would it bother you to feel guilty?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (09)
67. How much would it bother you to have a condom/rubber that feels
uncomfortable or too tight to your partner?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (10)
68. How much would it bother you if a condom/rubber came off inside you?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (11)
69. How much would it bother you if a condom/rubber broke?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (12)
70. How much would it bother you if you felt an emotional barrier with your
partner?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (13)
BLANK (14)
72. How much would it bother you if your partner had trouble ejaculating?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (15)
73. How much would it bother you if your partner had trouble keeping an
erection?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (16)
74. How much would it bother you to get a venereal disease like gonorrhea or
syphilis?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (17)
75. How much would it bother you to have a steady partner think you had had
sex with someone else?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (18)
76. How much would it bother you to have a steady partner get angry?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (19)
77. How much would it bother you to have a casual partner get angry?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (20)
78. How much would it bother you to have a steady partner refuse to have
sex with you?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (21)
79. How much would it bother you to have a casual partner refuse to have
sex with you?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (22)
80. How much would it bother you to have your women friends think badly
of you?
1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little (23)
81. Now, please tell me, how much would you like to have a casual partner
respect you more? Would you say a lot, somewhat or very little?
6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (24)
82. How much would you like not having to worry about giving a steady
partner a disease like syphilis, gonorrhea or AIDS?
6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (25)
83. How much would you like to have sex feel cleaner?
6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (26)
For the following items, first tell me if you would like it or dislike it,
then tell me how much you would like or dislike it.
84. Would you like or dislike getting pregnant now? How much, a lot,
somewhat or very little?
like it: 6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (27)
dislike it: 1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little
85. Would you like or dislike having sex last longer? How much?
like it: 6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (28)
dislike it: 1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little
86. Would you like or dislike having men think you're willing to have sex
with someone you just met? How much?
like it: 6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (29)
dislike it: 1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little
87. Would you like or dislike using a condom/rubber with a steady partner?
How much?
like it: 6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (30)
dislike it: 1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little
88. Would you like or dislike using a condom/rubber with a casual partner?
How much?
like it: 6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (31)
dislike it: 1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little
89. Would you like or dislike carrying a condom/rubber with you?
How much?
like it: 6 A lot 5 Somewhat 4 Very little (32)
dislike it: 1 A lot 2 Somewhat 3 Very little
90. How many of your closest women friends do you think carry condoms
with them?
Would you say almost all, more than half, half, less than half or almost
none?
[IF THE PERSON DOESN'T KNOW, SAY: "Even if you don't know, please try
to guess"]
(33)
1 Almost 2 More 3 Half 4 Less 5 Almost
all than half than half None
7 NO FRIENDS [GO TO Q93]
91. How many of your closest women friends do you think use
condoms/rubbers when they have sex with a steady partner?
(34)
1 Almost 2 More 3 Half 4 Less 5 Almost
all than half than half None
92. How many of your closest women friends do you think use
condoms/rubbers when they have sex with a casual partner?
(35)
1 Almost 2 More 3 Half 4 Less 5 Almost
all than half than half None
7 NO FRIENDS HAVE CASUAL PARTNERS
93. Try to imagine how comfortable you would feel in the following
situations.
How comfortable would you feel buying a condom/rubber? Would you feel
very comfortable, somewhat comfortable, somewhat uncomfortable or very
uncomfortable?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (36)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
94. How comfortable would you feel asking a steady partner to use a
condom/rubber?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (37)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
95. How comfortable would you feel asking a casual partner to use a
condom/rubber?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (38)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
96. How comfortable would you feel watching your partner put on a
condom/rubber?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (39)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
97. How comfortable would you feel putting a condom/rubber on your
partner?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (40)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
98. How comfortable would you feel having a steady partner use a
condom/rubber?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (41)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
99. How comfortable would you feel having a casual partner use a
condom/rubber?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (42)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
100. How comfortable would you feel being naked in front of a sex partner?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (43)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
101. How comfortable would you feel having sex with the lights on?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (44)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
102. How comfortable would you feel having sex with a new partner?
1 Very 2 Somewhat 3 Somewhat 4 Very (45)
comfortable comfortable uncomfortable uncomfortable
Now I'd like to ask you...
103. Do you have any children?
00 NO YES How many? ___ ___ (46-47)
104. BLANK (48)
IF NECESSARY, ASK: Do you have a husband or steady partner?
YES [GO TO Q105] ***No [GO TO Q111]
105. Are you pregnant?
1 YES [GO TO Q. 111] (49)
0 NO
7 HE/SHE CANNOT HAVE CHILDREN [GO TO Q111]
8 DON'T KNOW
9 RA
106. Are you trying to get pregnant?
1 YES [GO TO Q. 111] (50)
0 NO
7 HE/SHE CANNOT HAVE CHILDREN [GO TO Q111]
9 RA
IF Q103 ABOVE IS 00, GO TO Q108
107. Have you given birth in the last 3 months?
1 YES [GO TO Q. 111] (51)
0 NO
7 HE/SHE CANNOT HAVE CHILDREN [GO TO Q111]
9 RA
108. Have you or your steady partner used some form of birth control
other than condoms/rubbers in the last 12 months?
YES >>>>>>>>>>>>>>[IF THE ANSWER IS YES] Which kind? (52)
[CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY]
1 PILL
0 NO 2 IUD
3 DIAPHRAGM
4 SPONGE/FOAM/JELLY
5 DOUCHE
9 RA 6 WITHDRAWAL
7 ABORTION
8 OTHER ____________________
IF ANSWER IS YES, GO TO Q111
109. Is there a reason why your partner is unable to have children either
due to an operation or some other cause?
1 YES [GO TO Q. 111] (53)
0 NO
8 DON'T KNOW
9 RA
110. Is there a reason why you are unable to have children either due
to an operation or some other cause?
1 YES (54)
0 NO
8 DON'T KNOW
9 RA
111. Now I'm going to ask you some questions about how you have been
feeling during the last seven days. Since [ TODAY'S DAY OF THE WEEK]
of last week
Were you bothered by things that usually don't bother you?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (55)
How many days during the past week?
[DO NOT READ RESPONSES]
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
112. Did you feel like not eating or was your appetite poor?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (56)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
113. Did you feel like you couldn't shake off the blues even with the help
of family and friends?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (57)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
114. Did you feel depressed?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (58)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
115. Did you feel as if your life had been a failure?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (59)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
116. Did you feel afraid?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (60)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
117. Was your sleep restless?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (61)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
118. Did you feel lonely?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (62)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
119. Did you feel sad?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (63)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
120. Did you have crying spells?
O NO [IF THE ANSWER IS YES, SAY]: (64)
How many days during the past week?
1 1-2 DAYS 2 3-4 DAYS 3 5-7 DAYS
IF NON-HISPANIC, GO TO Q128
IF HISPANIC, CONTINUE BELOW
121. Now, please tell me, where were you born?
1 USA [GO TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTION] (65)
2 PUERTO RICO [GO TO Q. 123]
3 MEXICO [GO TO Q. 123]
4 REPUBLICA DOMINICANA [GO TO Q. 123]
5 COLOMBIA [GO TO Q. 123]
6 CENTRAL AMERICA [GO TO Q. 123]
7 SOUTH AMERICA, (NO COLOMBIA) [GO TO Q. 123]
8 SPAIN OR CUBA [GO TO Q. 123]
9 OTHER _______________________ [GO TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTION]
FOR HISPANICS BORN IN THE U.S. OR COUNTRIES LISTED AS 9 ABOVE
122. The families of the majority of people living in the United States
come from other countries. Where is your family from?
[DO NOT READ ALTERNATIVES IF RESPONSE IS MORE THAN ONE COUNTRY,
ASK:]"Which country is the majority of your family from or which country
do you feel closest to?" [CIRCLE ONLY ONE]
2 PUERTO RICO (66)
3 MEXICO
4 REPUBLICA DOMINICANA
5 COLOMBIA
6 CENTRAL AMERICA
7 SOUTH AMERICA, (NO COLOMBIA)
8 CUBA
123. How long have you lived in the United States?
___ ___ YEARS [LESS THAN A YEAR = ONE YEAR{01}] (67-68)
Respondent ID __ __ __ __.
(01-04)
Card = 4 (05)
124. In general what language do you read and speak? Would you say
Spanish only, Spanish more than English, both equally, English more than
Spanish, or English only?
(06)
1 Spanish 2 Spanish more 3 Both 4 English more 5 English
only than English equally than Spanish only
125. What language do you usually speak at home?
(07)
1 Spanish 2 Spanish more 3 Both 4 English more 5 English
only than English equally than Spanish only
126. In which language do you usually think?
(08)
1 Spanish 2 Spanish more 3 Both 4 English more 5 English
only than English equally than Spanish only
127. What language do you usually speak with your friends?
(09)
1 Spanish 2 Spanish more 3 Both 4 English more 5 English
only than English equally than Spanish only
ASK EVERYONE
128. How many years of formal education have you completed?
___ ___ YEARS (10-11)
129. Are you:
1 Married or living with your partner (12)
2 Single
3 Separated or divorced
4 Widowed
130. What is your religion? __________________________
(13)
1 CATHOLIC
2 CHRISTIAN OTHER THAN CATHOLIC
3 OTHER: (SPECIFY: ________________)
4 NONE
131. How important is religion in your life? Would you say...
(14)
1 Extremely important
2 Very important
3 Important
4 Somewhat important
5 Not important at all
132. How many years have you been employed in a full time or part time
job, excluding housework in your own home?
___ ___ YEARS [LESS THAN A YEAR = ONE YEAR{01}] (15-16)
133. Would you say that you live in a town, city, suburb of a city, or a
rural area?
1 TOWN 2 CITY 3 SUBURB 4 RURAL AREA (17)
134. Could you please give me your Zip Code?
__ __ __ __ __ ZIP CODE (18-22)
[99998 >> DK 99999 >> RA]
135. Tell me when I get to the category that best describes your family
income for 1990. [IF LIVING ALONE, ASK FOR PERSONAL INCOME]
[READ THE RESPONSES]
1 Less than $10,000 (23)
2 $10,001 to 20,000
3 $20,001 to 40,000
4 More than $40,000
8 DON'T KNOW
9 RA
As I already explained, your phone number was chosen at random. To avoid
calling your house again, could you please tell me if there is another
telephone number in your house?
[IF THE ANSWER IS YES] What is it?__________________
Is there more than one number?
OTHER NUMBER(S) ________________________
136. NUMBER OF TELEPHONE LINES _________ (24)
[INCLUDING THE ONE BEING CALLED]
IF NON HISPANIC, GO TO PARAGRAPH BEGINNING:
'This is all for now."
IF HISPANIC, CONTINUE BELOW
137. In the future, it is possible that we will do a study of sexual attitudes
and behavior among Hispanic adolescents. The questions will be very
different from the ones you just answered and will be appropriate for
adolescents. To include an adolescent in that study not only would we need
the adolescent's consent but also the permission of a parent or guardian.
Is there an adolescent in this house who is 15, 16 or 17 years old?
YES How many? _____ NO 0 [GO TO END] (25)
Could you give me the name of the parent or guardian who could give
permission to interview the adolescent, if we do call?
____________________________________________________
138. Could you give me the names of the adolescent(s)?
___________________________________________
ASK IF UNCLEAR: NUMBER OF FEMALES ______ (26)
This is all for now. My supervisor may call you back to validate that this
interview was completed. Thank you for your help with this interview.
If you would like any further information about AIDS or AIDS prevention,
you can call this number 1-800-342-2437 [AIDS]. Would you like me to
repeat that number? The call is free and you don't have to give your name.
Again, thank you very much!
__________________________________________________________________
TIME AT THE END OF INTERVIEW:___________
139. LENGTH OF INTERVIEW [ IN MINUTES] ___ ___ (27-28)
140. LANGUAGE OF INTERVIEW: 0 ENGLISH (29)
141. LANGUAGE CHOICE:
1 RESPONDENT 0 RANDOMLY BY INTERVIEWER (30)
142. INTERVIEWER'S NAME:_________________________ [ ___ ___ ___ ] (31-33)
DATE OF INTERVIEW:_____________________________
INTERVIEW TERMINATED BEFORE COMPLETION
1 YES 0 NO (34)
[IF THE ANSWER IS YES] __ __ __ ITEM NUMBER (35-37)
IS RESPONDENT A MEMBER OF HOUSEHOLD?
1 YES 0 NO (38)