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This monograph was produced as part of the Marketing HIV Prevention project, a collaborative project between the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies at the University of California, San Francisco (Thomas J. Coates, , Director) and the Harvard AIDS Institute (Richard Marlink, MD, Executive Director). We would like to thank SmithKline Beecham Consumer Health Care, makers of OraSure, for its unrestricted grant in support of the Marketing HIV Prevention project. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Office of AIDS, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, for its ongoing support of the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies under grant number MH42459. The author would like to thank Thomas Coates and Mario Cooper for their significant contributions to this report. I am also indebted to several colleagues who reviewed earlier drafts of the paper, including: Paula Brewer, James Colgrove, Peggy Dolcini, Kevin Filocamo, Katherine Haynes-Sanstad, Lisa Heft, Susan Kegeles, Clark Moore, Ric Marlink, Maureen Michaels, James Riggs, Mark Steitz, Jeff Stryker, and Steve Wakefield. And thanks to Susan Lausten for the design and layout of this piece.

HIV has spread dramatically in minority communities, with African Americans currently being five times as likely as whites to contract HIV, and the disproportion continues to increase. Historically, few minority investigators have been funded by the NIH. Culturally appropriate measurements and methods are needed to successfully involve respondents and accurately measure their beliefs, values, and behaviors. Investigators who are members of minority groups often have more access to the minority community and more credibility within that community. In addition, they may have a greater understanding of the cultural issues that could influence behavior, and they often have language fluency

This forum grew out of an interest in having dialogues between researchers, providers and community members (these categories are not mutually exclusive groups). This would serve the dual purpose of giving research legs so that it can inform programs and helping ensure that program and life experience inform research studies. Another factor for calling this meeting was the high prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men and are also injection drug users (MSM IDUs). In San Francisco, the prevalence of HIV among MSM IDUs is 35%. MSM IDUs make up 9% of the cumulative AIDS cases in California, and 6% of the cumulative AIDS cases in the US. Currently, the San Francisco Community Planning Group has listed MSM IDUs as a top priority for prevention programs and funding. Despite the high prevalence rates and interest in serving this population, there are few services, limited infrastructure and scant research specifically addressing MSM IDUs. Most of the funding is divided between MSM-specific and IDU-specific, as well divided between care and prevention, HIV+ and HIV-. As a result of this first informal meeting, CAPS is providing this Report Back on the forum, and a roster of participants to encourage ongoing discussion and networking among service providers, researchers and others working with MSM IDUs. NOTE: The ground rules of this meeting were that specific comments were not attributed to specific people. This Report is intended to be a summary of the different views and ideas from the forum; not every point made is included. This Report is not a consensus.

In developing countries where health resources are severely limited, debate continues regarding the relative amount that should be spent on HIV counseling and testing. While HIV counseling and testing has been promoted as effective for prevention, few controlled studies have been conducted.The Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Efficacy study was a randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of HIV counseling and testing for the prevention of new HIV infections. The study was conducted at three sites: Nairobi, Kenya; Dar-Es- Salaam, Tanzania; and Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. (posted 9/98)

• Counselor Training Manual
• Interviewer Training Manual
• Intervention Manual