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Mujeres negras

Desde el inicio de la epidemia, el VIH ha azotado a los hombres y mujeres negros radicados en EE.UU. A pesar de componer sólo el 12% de la población femenina del país, en el 2006 las mujeres negras representaban el 61% de los casos nuevos entre mujeres. Se diagnostica el VIH a mujeres negras con 15 veces más frecuencia que a mujeres caucásicas. Las mujeres negras también tienen altas tasas de infecciones transmitidas sexualmente (ITS), lo cual puede promover la transmisión del VIH. En el 2006, la tasa de clamidia entre mujeres negras era 7 veces mayor, la de gonorrea 14 veces mayor y la de sífilis 16 veces mayor que entre mujeres caucásicas. Estas cifras y estadísticas no terminan de revelar toda la riqueza y diversidad de las vidas de las mujeres negras, un grupo que abarca a oficinistas y obreras, cristianas y musulmanas, habitantes de áreas urbanas y de suburbios, descendientes de esclavos e inmigrantes caribeñas recién llegadas. Ellas trabajan, estudian, crían a sus familias, se enamoran. El VIH entre las mujeres negras no se debe exclusivamente a su conducta individual, sino a un sistema complejo de aspectos sociales, culturales, económicos, geográficos, religiosos y políticos los cuales se entrelazan para afectar a su salud.

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Abuso sexual infantil

El abuso sexual infantil (ASI) tiene muchas definiciones, pero en esta hoja informativa nos referimos al contacto corporal no deseado antes de los 18 años, que es la edad en que se considera que una persona puede dar su consentimiento para tener contacto sexual. El ASI es una experiencia dolorosa a muchos niveles que puede tener, posteriormente, efectos profundos y devastadores en el desarrollo psicológico, psicosocial y emocional. Las experiencias de ASI pueden variar respecto a: duración (varios incidentes con el mismo agresor), grado de fuerza/coerción o grado de intrusión física (desde una caricia, a la penetración digital o al sexo oral, anal o vaginal intentado o consumado). La identidad del agresor/a (que podría ser un desconocido, una persona de confianza o un familiar) también puede influir en las consecuencias a largo plazo para las víctimas. Lo que distingue el ASI de la experimentación sexual exploratoria es el contacto indeseado o forzado o la clara desproporción de poder; comúnmente, se determina como agresor/a alguien que resulte por lo menos 5 años mayor que la víctima. El número de abusos sexuales infantiles excede el número de casos reportados a las autoridades. Se calcula que la prevalencia del ASI en EE.UU. es del 33% entre chicas menores de 18 años y del 10% entre chicos menores de 18 años. Los hombres son considerablemente menos propensos a reportar un incidente de ASI que las mujeres. La probabilidad de que el ASI ocurra aumenta en familias que sufren mucha tensión. Los niños están en riesgo de ser abusados sexualmente en familias que padecen estrés, pobreza, violencia y consumo de alcohol o drogas y cuyos padres y parientes tienen antecedentes de ASI.

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Seroconversion Narratives for AIDS Prevention (The SNAP Project)

As people are living longer and healthier lives with HIV, the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sexual intercourse or sharing injection equipment continues to grow. While the general consensus is that most people who know they are HIV+ are careful to avoid transmitting the virus, it is estimated that one third of HIV+ gay/bisexual men continue to engage in unprotected sex. There is now a growing call to develop targeted and effective prevention strategies addressing the specific needs of people living with HIV.
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National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day — February 7, 2016 [booklet]

Research & Resources

This brochure lists research projects with African Americans and helpful resources produced by CAPS/PRC. You might use it to:
  • Stay up-to-date on research and learn what we found out from research
  • Provide materials in trainings/presentations
  • Advocate for services/funding
  • Write grants
  • Develop new or modify existing HIV prevention programs
  • Evaluate current programs
  • Connect with CAPS/PRC to develop new projects. Lead researchers (PIs) are listed for each study. Contact us below to connect.
Questions? Comments? Contact Daryl Mangosing at 415-514-4590 or [email protected] This brochure was prepared by the CAPS Community Engagement (CE) Core, which is previously known as the Technology and Information Exchange (TIE) Core.

Acronyms

MSM: Men who have sex with men PI: Principal Investigator (lead researcher on the study)
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Great HIV Prevention Campaigns Are Not Just Born The Convergence of Research and Service in the Making of the “Families Change, Families Grow” Campaign

When the latest HIV prevalence consensus report was released in San Francisco in 1997, statistics revealed increasing HIV rates among gay and bisexual men of color. Among gay men of color, Latinos had the highest rates of HIV infection. In response to this, the STOP AIDS Project decided to heighten their HIV prevention efforts for Latino gay and bisexual men. STOP AIDS convened a meeting for all of the agencies in San Francisco providing HIV prevention services for Latino gay and bisexual men. “We wanted to bring all of the providers to the same table to increase communication between the agencies and to learn what types of HIV prevention activities each of the agencies were doing.” said Héctor Carillo, former STOP AIDS Project Deputy Director and current CAPS researcher. Another aim was to get a sense of which segments of the gay Latino community each agency was reaching. “What we discovered in that meeting was that we were all reaching a part of this diverse community. There was overlap, but each agency had access to a specific segment of the community,” Héctor said. Acknowledging and integrating each community based organizations’ expertise strengthened the campaign. “Every organization was valued and every group was covered and it made folks feel less defensive.” said Robert Pérez, former Communications Director of STOP AIDS. At that meeting, the agencies realized that there was no unified media to reach the community as a whole, and decided to pursue a media campaign. The STOP AIDS Project had the experience in developing media campaigns and access to funds for the project, while the other agencies had access to each of the various segments of the gay Latino community. Representatives from all of the agencies involved formed a planning committee to create the media campaign. The result is “Families Change, Families Grow/Las Familias Cambian, Las Familias Crecen”– a research-grounded media campaign created through this collaborative effort involving Mission Neighborhood Health Center, Proyecto ContraSIDA por Vida, El Ambiente and the STOP AIDS Project.