How Is Science Used in HIV Prevention?
Is science needed?
Yes. While prevention science will not give “the answer,” science fills in critical pieces of the prevention puzzle. Science used in conjunction with an agency’s experience with clients can strengthen, inspire, target, and best use limited resources in HIV prevention programs. This fact sheet will cover some of the basic elements of prevention science, what they mean, and their implications for service.
Qué necesitan los usarios de drogas en la prevención del VIH?
¿están los usuarios de drogas que no se inyectan a riesgo de infectarse?
Si. A pesar del alto riesgo de transmisión del VIH al compartir jeringas, la relación que existe entre el VIH y el uso de drogas va mucho mas allá del tema de las jeringas.
¿Cómo se utiliza la ciencia en la prevención del VIH?
¿es necesaria la ciencia? Sí. Aunque la ciencia de la prevención por si sola no ofrece la respuesta, esta posee algunas piezas críticas del rompecabezas de la prevención.
What Are Women Who Have Sex With Women’s HIV Prevention Needs?
Are women who have sex with women at risk for HIV?
HIV risk for women who have sex with women (WSW), like for all people, varies depending on what they do.
What Are Substance Abusers’ HIV Prevention Needs?
Are Substance Abusers Who Don’t Inject At High Risk Of Infection?
Yes. Although sharing used needles is a high risk for HIV transmission, substance abuse and HIV goes beyond the issue of needles. People who abuse alcohol, speed, crack cocaine, poppers or other non-injected drugs are more likely than non-substance users to be HIV positive and to become seropositive.
By the time Kevin Shancady walked into the Denver Department of Public Health to enroll in an HIV vaccine trial, he'd managed to put most of his fears behind him: fears of a government hostile to gay men, fears that researchers might inject volunteers with a dangerous vaccine. "So many people have died," he said, "and I feel an obligation to advance prevention research. I'm willing to take some risk.
Se pueden adaptar los programas de prevención del VIH?
¿para qué adaptarlos? Sabemos que muchas intervenciones de prevención del VIH han logrado hacer la diferencia y que los esfuerzos de prevención han ayudado a reducir las tasas de infección con VIH en diferentes poblaciones.1 Así como la epidemia del VIH cambia, igual ocurre con las cantidades y los grupos poblacionales afectados por el este virus.
Can HIV Prevention Programs Be Adapted?
Why adapt?
We know that many HIV prevention interventions have made a difference, and that prevention efforts have helped to lower rates of HIV infection in many different populations.1 But as the HIV epidemic changes, so too do the number and groups of people at risk for HIV.
¿Son importantes los ayudantes de enfermos con SIDA?
¿cuál es la labor de los que cuidan de enfermos?
Aquellas personas que de manera informal cuidan a otras infectadas con el SIDA (PWA por sus siglas en inglés) llevan lo que se conoce como ayuda práctica y cuidados de salud hasta los hogares. Usualmente es la pareja, el esposo(a), el amigo, o los familiares de alguien con SIDA y el personal médico.
We Know What Works in HIV Prevention -Why Aren’t We Doing More of It?
What have we learned?
Fifteen years ago, the first AIDS cases were diagnosed among 5 gay men in Los Angeles, CA. Since then, AIDS has spread to over half a million people in the US and is the leading cause of death for all Americans aged 25-44. Fifteen years have also seen great leaps in understanding how to prevent the spread of HIV.
Healthy Oakland Teens Description and Explanation of Study Instrument
A questionnaire based on findings from earlier surveys was developed and pilot tested on junior high school students. The content and wording of the survey was modified based on pilot study results and participant feedback and used in the present study to assess demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS/STD-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, sexual behaviors and drug and alcohol use.
In developing countries where health resources are severely limited, debate continues regarding the relative amount that should be spent on HIV counseling and testing. While HIV counseling and testing has been promoted as effective for prevention, few controlled studies have been conducted.The Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Efficacy study was a randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of HIV counseling and testing for the prevention of new HIV infections.
¿Qué necesitan los HSH para la prevención del VIH?
revisado 4/01
¿qué necesitan los HSH?
Los Hombres que tienen Sexo con otros Hombres (HSH ó MSM por sus siglas en inglés) no constituyen un grupo homogéneo sino que representan una amplia gama de personas con estilos de vida y necesidades de salud distintas.
Marin, Barbara VanOss; Gomez, Cynthia A.; Tschann, Jeanne M. Public Health Reports v108, n6 (Nov-Dec, 1993):742-750
COPYRIGHT U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1993 Effective and culturally appropriate strategies for promoting condom use within the Hispanic community in the United States are needed urgently because of Hispanics' high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD).
Instrument
The survey instrument was based on more than 100 open- ended interview and 2 focus groups with Hispanics in San Francisco, held to identify Hispanic men's perceptions of the consequences of condom use with primary and secondary sexual partners, difficulties with condom use, and normative aspects of condom use. The instrument was developed originally in Spanish and a back-translation procedure was used to assure that the English version was equivalent in meaning.
Hispanic Condom Use Study 1991
Questionnaire for Use with Females
TIME AT BEGINNING: ______________
Many of the questions we will be asking relate to sexual matters and it is
possible that you may feel a bit uncomfortable. But please remember that
your responses are completely confidential and that you may indicate if there
are any questions you do not wish to answer.
I would like to ask you some general questions about AIDS.
